Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) System

The ACC system integrates radar, LiDAR and vision systems for vehicle detection and distance measurement. It also employs microcontrollers with sensor fusion capabilities to maintain a safe following distance between vehicles. Additionally, it utilizes communication protocols for V2V (Vehicle-to-Everything) communication to adjust the vehicle’s speed based on traffic conditions.

The ACC is a crucial feature in intelligent vehicles, ensuring safe and efficient driving. A core component of ACC is a radar sensor, which constantly monitors the road ahead, allowing the system to maintain the driver’s set speed when the road is clear.

When a slower vehicle is detected within the radar’s range, the ACC gently reduces speed by disengaging the accelerator or activating the brake control system. As the detected vehicle speeds up or changes lanes, ACC automatically accelerates, reaching the driver’s desired speed. Standard ACC can be activated from speeds of around 30 km/h (20 mph) and upwards, providing significant assistance to drivers, particularly on long-distance journeys and highways. The ACC Stop&Go variant is also active at lower speeds. It can maintain the set distance to the preceding vehicle even at very low speeds and also bring the vehicle to a complete stop. If the vehicle has an automatic transmission and the traffic hold-up is brief, ACC stop&go can restart the vehicle using the stop/start system. When the vehicle remains stationary for longer periods, the driver must reactivate the system by briefly stepping on the accelerator pedal to return to ACC mode. This way, ACC stop&go supports drivers in heavy traffic and traffic jams.

To enhance comfort and safety, a multi-purpose camera can be added to the radar sensor. This combination allows ACC to detect a vehicle entering the driver’s lane earlier, enabling the system to respond more dynamically. By merging data from the radar sensor and camera, ACC can gain a better and more reliable understanding of the scene. This advanced ACC system contributes to the development of smart cities by reducing traffic congestion, minimizing accidents and improving overall road safety.

System components of ACC include:

Radar sensor

GSM module for internet connectivity

Multi-purpose camera

GPS module for real-time vehicle location

STM microprocessor

LiDAR sensor for distance and safety measurement

These components work together to create a seamless and reliable ACC system, providing drivers with enhanced safety and convenience features.